Chess movement, pieces movements and its basic techniques

Chess is a two-player game and is played on a board with 64 black and white squares using chess pieces (king, minister, rook, bishop, knight, and pawn). Each player has 16 pieces that are arranged on one side of the chess board and each one has a specific value and score. Chess ends when one of the players wins or a draw.

In this article, we will teach the movements of the pieces and how to play them.

History of chess

Chess originated in the north-west of India in the 6th century AD. At that time, the Gupta Empire ruled India. The kings of India believed that learning war leads to learning the values of bravery, decision-making, patience and courage. So they decided to model the war. Thus, the Gupta Empire invented this game and called it Chaturanga.

He brought chess to the court of Iran during the Sassanid Empire of Khosrow Anushirvan. Chess in Iran took the name Chatrang. This game was brought to Europe by Iranian traders and became common in Islam when the Sasanian Empire was conquered by the Arabs. In Europe, chess underwent changes and new rules were established for it, and gradually the world chess championship was founded. On July 20, 1924, the international world chess organization "FIDE" was founded and gradually new competitions and titles were created. This game became chaotic during the Second World War and took a new form after the World War.

Pawn

Soldier or pawn is a very important piece to fight in chess. While this piece has a limited movement and is considered a low value piece, it has a lot of potential and forms the battlefield of chess.

At the beginning of the game, each player has 8 soldiers standing in a row in front of all other pieces. This piece is the weakest chess piece and it moves forward one house in every move. In the first move, it has the ability to move two houses forward. This piece can hit the opponent's pieces in a diagonal direction. The soldier cannot move back, and when another piece is in front of its path, it blocks its path. When the pawn reaches the last square of the chessboard, any desired piece except the king can replace it. This action is called "advancement or promotion". In such a situation, the minister is usually replaced by a soldier. But if there is no spare minister, the face or any other piece can replace the soldier.

Knight

A horse is one of the chess pieces that can be moved in any direction in the form of an L. For example, a knight can move two spaces down and one space to the right or left in one move. The horse also changes the color of its house on the chessboard with each move. In general, horse movement can be divided into two categories:

First, two horizontal houses and one vertical house move.

Second, two vertical houses and one horizontal house move.

At the beginning of the game, each player has 2 horses, both of which are next to the face and the elephant. By using this piece, you can weaken the opponent's defense, especially the soldiers, and take the opponent's pieces secretly.

Phil (Bishop)

Elephant is one of the chess pieces that can move diagonally to any house. The color of the houses on which the elephant is placed never changes. For example, if this piece is placed on a dark house from the beginning of the game, it can never be placed on a light house. It is possible that the path of the elephant is blocked by other beads. The path of this piece, like other pieces, is blocked by grabbing the opponent's pieces.

At the beginning of the game, each player has 2 elephants, one on the light house and the other on the dark house. An elephant is more valuable than a horse, and the cooperation of two elephants and their good control is a great threat to the opponent's pieces. The relative value of this nut is equal to the relative value of the horse and its value is less than that of the king, minister and rokh. An elephant whose path is blocked by a soldier is called a "bad elephant"

Rook

Rukh or castle is a piece that can move up, down, right and left and generally in a straight line to any house it wants. At the beginning of the game, each player has 2 pieces, both of which are located in the corner of the chessboard. The appearance of this bead is like a castle and it is known as "castle" in some parts of the world.

The English word "Rook" means rokh, a combination of two Persian words "Rokh" and Sanskrit "Rath". With this bead and king, it is possible to perform Kish Mat. Checkmate with these two pieces is more difficult than checkmate with king and queen, because the opponent's king can rook. In this method, the opponent's king should be pushed to the corner of the chess board.

Minister or Farzin (Queen)

Wazir or Farzin is a powerful attacking piece that is usually used for Kishmat. This bead performs many prime mattes and with the support of a small bead, it also makes kish matte practical. This nut can move in any direction (up, down, right, left and diagonal directions). However, the path of this powerful bead can be blocked by all other beads.

At the beginning of the game, each player has a minister, who is adjacent to the king, and the minister is in his color house and the king is in his non-color house.

King

The king is the most important and one of the weakest chess pieces and can only move one house in all directions (up, down, right, left and diagonal directions). If the king is given a kish, the king must immediately move to a safe house on the chessboard, and if this is not possible, the king has lost the game. The king cannot move to the squares that the opponent's pieces can attack. This piece has the ability to capture the opponent's pieces as well. If the king is attacked by another piece while taking a piece, he is not allowed to take that piece.

If the king is attacked by one of the opponent's pieces, we say that the king is kish. This bead has three ways to get out of the Kish region: First, it moves to a safe house on the page. Second, an own piece should be placed in front of the kish area and prevent the opponent's kish. The third is that an insider's piece hits the piece that attacked the king. If the king cannot get out of the kish position, so to speak, it is said that the king is checkmate and has lost the game.